• Boundary layer diffusion flames are commonly investigated in connection with wildland fires, residential fires, propulsion applications, (like hybrid rocket engines), ablative cooling, and other similar combustion phenomena

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• Fire dynamics can help understand the burning behavior of a flame, which is very important in combating accidental fires

• The boundary layer diffusion flames can be classified under pure free, pure forced, and mixed-convection regimes

• The real fire problem can be seen under mixed-convection mode with strong buoyancy and relatively lower wind velocities

• Furthermore, most naturally occurring fire involves the turbulence interactions that affect chemical kinetics and heat feedback mechanism in boundary layer diffusion flames

• The problem of turbulent boundary layer combustion is challenging due to the turbulent interaction with macroscopic flow properties and combustion instabilities triggered by buoyancy

• The rate of flame propagation over any solid or liquid fuel surface, and its ultimate growth to a large flame primarily depends on the mass burning rate and associated heat fluxes to the condensed fuel surface

• The combined effect of momentum, buoyancy, and turbulence impacts the heat transfer mechanism to the virgin fuel surface and thus influencing the flame spread and mass burning rate

• Fuel mass burning rate is a critical controlling parameter that primarily affects the flame propagation or spread rate

• A convenient method of applying a well-substantiated correlation to permit predictions of the burning behavior of condensed fuels is necessary

• It is important to understand the burning dynamics of boundary layer diffusion flame sustained over condensed fuel surface and to quantify the inter-dependence of flame characteristics, temperature distribution, heat transfer mechanism, and mass burning process under the collective influence of momentum, buoyancy, and turbulence

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